Ray Eddy s The United States - 948 Words

Ray Eddy is a discount store worker and is the mother of two sons, struggling to raise them with her meager incomes. Just before Christmas, her husband who is a chronic gambler, disappeared with the deposit for a new home Ray was laying by. While looking for him, she encounters Lila Littlewolf, a Mohawk single mother who is driving his car, which she asserts that she found it being abandoned. Because of their poverty-stricken circumstances, they eventually make alliance to smuggle illegal immigrants from Canada to the United States. On the day of Christmas night, when they smuggle a Pakistani couple, they leave the bag on the frozen river, which they thought that the bag contains explosive material. However, discovering that the bag†¦show more content†¦Lila reclaims her child from her mother-in-law and leaves the reservation. Ray makes a phone call to her child to explain her situation and tell him that Lila will be there to take care of her children. Police promise that, as a white woman with no criminal record, Ray will be freed from jail in several months as long as she cooperates. Lila arrives at Ray’s house and sees Ray s children playing. Structure The structure of this film is conventional because the story is told in a chronological order, which makes the film realistic. A series of incidents that happen during their river crossings show Ray and Lila’s terrors and desires, and the more they notice these emotions, the more they gain self-revelation through the jobs. The script ends with character’s personal transformations as Ria and Lila decide to go against their character. Ray and Lila’s actions and decisions result from their transformations through the sequence of the script. However, the film’s resolution is inconclusive. The script begins with Ray searching for her run-away husband, and yet by the end of the script, audiences are unsure what happened to the husband. Character Although Ray and Lila are racially different, both are single mothers struggling to live with mere wages. When their economic necessity meets, they get involved in immigrant’s border crossing so as to survive in urban poverty. Throughout the

Marriage Is The Most Neglect Form Of Abuse Against Women

Jessica Cenatus ANT 2301 Professor Cervone 15 April 2015 Marital Rape Marriage is rape is the most neglect form of abuse against women. It has been stated that marital is motivated by laws,the reportings, and gender inequality . History: Marital rape and the foundation of exemption has dated back to the 1700’s, where the first documented legal statement of marital rape occurred in 1736. Sir Matthew Hale, who at the time was the chief justice of England published a statement stating that a husband cannot be persecuted for raping his wife. But the husband cannot be guilty of a rape committed by himself upon his lawful wife, for by their mutual matrimonial consent and contract the wife hath given up herself in this kind unto the†¦show more content†¦Through the years Acts and laws have been passed to help women gain equality, protection, and rights but no immediate change affected the legality of marital rape. Until the 1970’s in the United States, memeber of acts and movements fought to criminalize marital rape. On July 5,1993, marital rape became a crime in all 50 states in at least one section of the sexual offense codes. Like the domino effect, the laws begin to gain national attention ac ross the world and countries begin to considered passing laws in their country. Although majority of the legal reforms have helped victims report and seek legal help, marital rape is still not handled as serious as other forms of rape. Societal acceptance of the traditional sex-role stereotypes has resulted in maintaining the view that marital rape is not considered a serious crime.Traditionally, a woman’s role in marriage is the caregiver, to stay at home, take care of the home and husband, cook, etc. The male held the dominant role in the house in the marriage, sohe is in charge of all decisions. if things were not done in a way the husband wanted physical and sexual punishment would take place. There are many factors that contribute to the cultural bias( that marital rape is less serious, and the victim is more to blame than in cases of stranger

Playboy of the Western World Free Essays

The Playboy of the Western World gains its title from the scene in which Christy can’t be beaten in play at any of the village sports, hence he becomes the â€Å"playboy. † The phrase â€Å"of the Western World† leads the way into Synge’s theme of Irish mythmaking, then still especially noticeable in unsophisticated peasant groups. With the inclusion of this phrase, the myth of the playboy encompasses the whole world. We will write a custom essay sample on Playboy of the Western World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mythmaking deviates from reality, as is made clear by the stretch of the title: Irish village game championship can’t possibly trump an entire world of athletes. Synge isn’t discussing a universal theme but rather exposing a particularly Irish theme, that of mythmaking. The play opened in January of 1907 at Yeats’s Irish Literary Theatre to outraged indignation and riots but over the course of the twentieth century has gained ever greater currency among critics. Had Yeats not held a public debate on the concept of artistic freedom, The Playboy may have died an ignoble death. As it happens, though, the play has by later critics been called â€Å"the most rich and copious store of character since Shakespeare’’ (P. P. Howe) and a play â€Å"riotous with the quick rush of life, a tempest of the passions† (Charles A. Bennett). These seem to be the reasons that The Playboy of the Western World has current appeal. Whereas original audiences cared about morality and decorous representations of peoples and countries, the increasing and ever increasing reach for realism, ethnic diversity and authentic representations has brought The Playboy into vogue because it was the avant garde and the precursor of what is presently valued and sought after: unveiled realism. Incidentally, one might argue that this unveiled realism, which is the idol of the present milieu, has been carried so far that â€Å"realism† is now a fancy in that it is a reality beyond reality and that it carries such clout that it is creating new reality (of questionable benefit) in its wake, which is a divergent reality from the realism that Synge depicted after living with, studying and capturing in three acts the cultural and psychological realities on the Aran Islands, from which he derived The Playboy of the Western World. How to cite Playboy of the Western World, Essay examples

Prepare and Monitor Budget-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Research and prepare the 2 different Operational Plans and Budget Information Plans for a restaurant/cafe. The term "Operational pPan" can be interpreted as any plan that may be required to support day-to-day workplace operations. Answer: Operational plan I for a Restaurant Business The staff of the restaurant is to be divided into two shifts and the workforce should be divided equally according to their skills. Shift 1 - Comprising of 12 members that include 6 waiters, 4 cooks, 1 Receptionist and 1 Manager, 1 cleaning staff (Shift timing Morning 10 am 4 pm) Shift 2 - Comprising of 12 members that include 6 waiters, 4 cooks, 1 Receptionist and 1 Manager. 1 cleaning staff (4 pm 10 pm) The table, sheets, and the room should be cleaned each and every day so that they look clean and tidy. The cleaning staff should clean the toilet twice every day (Altinay, Paraskevas, and Jang, 2015). The receptionist should see that there is change in the billing counter. The kitchen staff should see that the kitchen stays clean and all the materials are available or not. If there is a shortage of a particular material then it is to be made known to the manager. The manager is responsible for the smooth functioning of the restaurant. It is the duty of the manager to solve any problem that may arise and also to see that each and every member carries out their respective duties properly (Ward, 2016). Waiter should see that the customer are provided with best service possible as they play a great role as getting into direct contact with the customer. They need to provide swift services in the best possible way. All the members should come one hour early to get the briefing of the day. The restaurant wants to increase their sale by 10% so the waiter should try to up sell the products (Berthelsen et al, 2014). Budget Information Plan - 1 Long term cost Staff Salary: $ 20000 Food: $ 45000 Drinks: $ 50000 Supplies: $60000 Short Term Cost Marketing/Advertising: Communications: $ 30000 Professional Fees: $ 20000 Office Operations: $ 40000 Management Salaries/Wages and the Associated Benefits Overhead Cost Electricity Bill: $ 60000 Telephone Bill: $50000 Cost of equipments Mixer Grinder: $10000 Juicer: $15000 Oven: $20000 Coffee Machine: $ 25000 Operational plan II for a Restaurant Business There should be only one shift that is to be maintained the staff members should work from 10 am in the morning and till 10 pm in the right. The briefings for all the members are to be done by the manager each and every day. The cleaning staff will see that everything including kitchen is clean. Proper cleaning is to be done (Blay-Palmer and Knezevic, 2015). It is the duty of the manager to see that all the duties are to be performed by the members. Any problem that may arise by their respective person, who is responsible for that particular situation. The kitchen staff should do the procurement for any kind of kitchen stock or raw materials. The waiter should see that the ambience should be maintained properly. Manager will not be responsible arising and any such problem is to be solved by the respectable person in relation to that particular work (Cokins, 2017). The restaurant wants to establish itself as the best Chinese restaurant in the town as they have good chief for Chinese food. So more focus should be given on it Budget Information Plan 2 Fixed Cost Rent: $100000 Salary of employees: $70000 Purchase of materials: $ 30000 Variable Cost Purchase of equipment: $40000 Advertisement: $ 10000 Renovation: $ 15000 Miscellaneous Cost Loss of items: $5000 Wastages: $5000 Time cost Waste of time: $ 5000 Ramifications of their budget modifications To create a budget is very important as it gives us an idea about what are the total expenses that can be incurred. The budget may not exactly match with the reality but they give us a fair idea what amount of expenses will be faced by us. The budget is created by taking the previous year expenses keeping in mind. The expense that is incurred previous financial year gives us a fair idea about how much budget is to be calculated this year. In order to modify a budget there are many factors that are needed to be considered. We need to consult the budget of the previous year and accordingly formulate the budget. It is hard to understand what are the factors that will play a role in the budget and what changes are to be made from the budget of the previous year (Dai et al, 2014). Allocation of funds as outlined in the budget Budgeting is a very sensitive thing, it is a calculated assumption, so we cant be one hundred percent sure about the budget but we need to go as close as possible. Every year the amount of expenses changes and accordingly the changes are to be made in the budget. What are the factors that will change is hard to understand and predict. Through budgeting we try to go as near as possible to the exact expenses. The Funds that is being allocated for a particular set of things are to be allotted accordingly keeping it as same as possible. If there is an extreme need to change the amount that is allotted in the budget is to be changed as minimal as possible. It is to be kept in mind that budget is a whole plan or framework upon which the business function of the whole financial year will be based and it is made keeping many factors in mind. So if we make massive change in the budget, in that case it may have negative effect on the business (Dewe, 2016). Promote awareness of the importance of budget control and how to keep the colleagues and stakeholders informed of the budget The stake holders are to be informed about the budget of the organization, so that they have a fair idea about the companys act and so that they can act accordingly. This will help them aligning with the budget and they will also have an idea about how much the company is willing to invest on what and act accordingly (Trishkina, 2014). The resources are to be divided under some categories according to their expenses. There are some resources upon which the expenses are regular in nature and there are some expenses which are not that frequent. There are also some expenses that happen in an organization which occurs at by-chance. These expenses are categorized and each category is then allotted with a budget and then this budget is divided amongst the expenses (Van der Wagen and Goonetilleke,2015) Maintain all records of resource allocation The budget built a frame work of how the company and its stake holders will function and this also gives a guideline of how far the company is willing to bend in terms of expenses and what are its limitation. Budgeting is a very important factor in terms of functioning of the company. Without the help of the budget it will be extremely difficult for the company and its stake holders to function. So the budget is to be given outmost respect and maintained strict as much as possible and if the rules are to be bend in that case it is to be seen whether it is good for the organization or no, so that there is no negative effect to the organization (Vincent et al , 2014). References Altinay, L., Paraskevas, A. and Jang, S.S., 2015.Planning research in hospitality and tourism. Routledge. Berthelsen, R.M., Barkley, W.C., Oliver, P.M., McLymont, V. and Puckett, R., 2014. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Revised 2014 standards of professional performance for registered dietitian nutritionists in management of food and nutrition systems.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,114(7), pp.1104-1112. Blay-Palmer, A. and Knezevic, I., 2015. 22. Building sustainable communities through alternative food systems.Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture, p.446. Cokins, G., 2017.Strategic business management: From planning to performance. John Wiley Sons. Dai, J., Jiang, W., Liu, G., Xu, J., Zhao, L. and Liu, A., 2014, June. Rating Aware Route Planning in Road Networks. InInternational Conference on Web-Age Information Management(pp. 223-235). Springer, Cham. Dewe, M., 2016.Planning public library buildings: Concepts and issues for the librarian. Routledge. Trishkina, O., 2014. Marketing plan for company X. Van der Wagen, L. and Goonetilleke, A., 2015.Hospitality Management, Strategy and Operations. Pearson Higher Education AU. Vincent, K., Dougill, A.J., Dixon, J., Stringer, L.C., Cull, T., Mkwambisi, D.D. and Chanika, D., 2014. Actual and potential weather and climate information needs for development planning in Malawi: Results of a Future Climate for Africa pilot case study.Future climate for Africa pilot case studies. Retrieved from https://cdkn. org/resource/climate-information-decision-making-malawi. Ward, J., 2016.Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership. Springer.

A Brief History of the Tampon and Who Invented It

A Brief History of the Tampon and Who Invented It The first tampons were made using a wide variety of materials found in nature. The prevailing thought seemed to be that if it was absorbent, chances are that it would work as a tampon.   Tampons First Appeared in Ancient Egypt For instance, the earliest historical evidence of tampon use can be found in ancient Egyptian medical records that described tampons comprised of material derived from the papyrus plant. In the fifth century B.C., Greek women fashioned their protection by wrapping lint around a small piece of wood, according to writings of Hippocrates, a physician considered to be the father of western medicine. The Romans, meanwhile, used wool. Other materials have included paper, vegetable fibers, sponges, grass and cotton.   But it wasn’t until 1929 that a physician named Dr. Earle Haas patented and invented the modern-day tampon (with applicator). He came up with the idea during a trip to California, where a friend told him how she was able to improvise a more comfortable and effective alternative to the commonly used and bulky external pads by simply inserting a piece of sponge on the inside, rather than outside. At the time, doctors were using plugs of cotton to staunch  secretions and so he suspected a compressed form of cotton would absorb just as well.   After a bit of experimenting, he settled on a design that featured a tightly bound strip of absorbent cotton attached to a string to  allow for easy removal. To keep the tampon clean, the cotton came with an applicator tube that extended to push the cotton into place without the user having to touch it. Tampax and o.b.: Two Brands With Longevity Haas filed for his first tampon patent on November 19, 1931, and originally described it as  a catamenial device, a term derived from the Greek word for monthly. The product name â€Å"Tampax,† which originated from â€Å"tampon† and â€Å"vaginal packs,† was also trademarked and later sold to  businesswoman Gertrude Tendrich  for $32,000. She  would go on to form the Tampax company and begin mass production. Within a few years, the Tampax arrived on store shelves and by 1949 appeared in more than 50 magazines.   Another similar and popular type of disposable tampon is the o.b. Tampon. Invented by German gynecologist Dr. Judith Esser-Mittag in the 1940s, the o.b. Tampon was marketed as a â€Å"smarter† alternative to applicator tampons by emphasizing greater comfort and doing away with the need for an applicator. The tampon comes in the shape of a compressed, insertable pad designed to expand in all directions for better coverage and also features a concave tip so that a finger can be used to push it snugly into place.   In the late 1940s, Esser-Mittag partnered with another physician named  Dr. Carl Hahn to start a company and market the o.b. Tampon, which stands for one binde or without napkins in German. The company was later sold to American conglomerate Johnson Johnson.   One major selling point the company touts on its website is the fact that a non-applicator tampon can be more environmentally friendly. How so? Johnson Johnson states that 90% of the raw materials that go into o.b. tampons come from renewable resources.

American Woman Suffrage Association

American Woman Suffrage Association Founded: November 1869 Preceded by: American Equal Rights Association (split between American Woman Suffrage Association and National Woman Suffrage Association) Succeeded by: National American Woman Suffrage Association (merger) Key figures: Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, Henry Blackwell, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, T. W. Higginson, Wendell Phillips, Caroline Severance, Mary Livermore, Myra Bradwell Key characteristics (especially in contrast to the National Woman Suffrage Association): Supported passing the 15th Amendment (giving the vote to black men) even if women were explicitly excludedFocused on the vote for women and largely ignored other womens rights issuesSupported winning woman suffrage state by state with only occasional pressure for a federal constitutional amendmentSupported the Republican PartyStructure was a delegate systemMen could and did join as full members and serve as officersThe larger of the two organizationsConsidered the more conservative of the two organizationsOpposed more militant or confrontational strategies Publication: The Womans Journal Headquartered in: Boston Also known as: AWSA, the American About the American Woman Suffrage Association The American Woman Suffrage Association was formed in November of 1869, as the American Equal Rights Association fell apart over debate on the passage of the 14th amendment and 15th amendment to the United States constitution at the end of the American Civil War. In 1868, the 14th amendment was ratified, including the word male in the constitution for the first time. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton believed that the Republican Party and abolitionists had betrayed women by excluding them from the 14th and 15th amendments, extending the vote only to black men. Others, including Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, T. W. Higginson, Henry Blackwell and Wendell Phillips, favored supporting the amendments, fearing they would not pass if women were included. Stanton and Anthony began publishing a paper, The Revolution, in January 1868, and often expressed their sense of betrayal at former allies who were willing to set aside womens rights. In November of 1868, the Womens Rights Convention in Boston had led some participants to form the New England Woman Suffrage Association. Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Julia Ward Howe and T. W. Higginson were the founders of the the NEWSA. The organization tended to support Republicans and the black vote. As Frederick Douglass said in a speech at the first convention of the NEWSA, the cause of the negro was more pressing than that of womans. The following year, Stanton and Anthony and some supporters split from the American Equal Rights Association, forming the National Woman Suffrage Association - two days after the May 1869 convention of the AERA. The American Woman Suffrage Association focused on the issue of woman suffrage, to the exclusion of other issues. The publication The Womans Journal was founded in January, 1870, with editors Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell, assisted by Mary Livermore in the early years, by Julia Ward Howe in the 1870s, and then by Stone and Blackwells daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell. The 15th amendment became law in 1870, prohibiting the denial of the right to vote based on a citizens race, color, or previous condition of servitude. No state had yet passed any woman suffrage laws. In 1869 both Wyoming Territory and Utah Territory had given women the right to vote, though in Utah, women were not given the right to hold office, and the vote was taken away by a federal law in 1887. The American Woman Suffrage Association worked for suffrage state by state, with occasional support for federal action. In 1878, a woman suffrage amendment was introduced into the United States Constitution, and soundly defeated in Congress. Meanwhile, the NWSA also began to focus more on state by state suffrage referenda. In October, 1887, frustrated by the lack of progress and the weakening of the suffrage movement by its split between two factions, and noting that their strategies had become more similar, Lucy Stone proposed at an AWSA convention that the AWSA approach the NWSA about a merger. Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony, Alice Stone Blackwell and Rachel Foster met in December, and soon the two organizations established committees to negotiate a merger. In 1890, the American Woman Suffrage Association merged with the National Woman Suffrage Association, forming the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Elizabeth Cady Stanton became the new organizations president (largely a figurehead position as she then went on a two-year trip to England), Susan B. Anthony became the vice president (and, in Stantons absence, acting president), and Lucy Stone, who was ailing at the time of the merger, became head of the Executive Committee.

Movie Review Assignment To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay

Movie Review Assignment To Kill a Mocking Bird - Essay Example The story then gravitates to Atticus Finch accepting the charge of Judge Taylor to defend Tom Robinson, a black man accused of assaulting and raping a white woman, Mayella Ewell. Atticus' acceptance of the case creates a stir in their small community, which affects his children somewhat negatively until he explains to them that if he refuses to defend Tom Robinson, he will no longer be able to hold his head up high in their town, meaning that he will no longer be qualified to be a guide as to what is wrong or right. But while Atticus has proven the innocence of his client, he loses his case and Tom Robinson loses heart; Tom tries to escape and is killed. Bob Ewell attacks Jem and Scout afterwards, but they are saved by Boo Radley. The film attempts to portray with accuracy the disparity that existed between the white people and the colored people in the early part of the 20th century. The Jim Crow laws - laws delineating the segregation of the white people from the black people - are fully enforced at the time of the film's setting, which is 1932. It was a difficult time for the African Americans then; they were hardly treated like human beings. They are not allowed to use the same facilities. There are separate water fountains, public transports, theaters, restaurants, libraries and the like for blacks and for whites. They cannot be enrolled in the same school. They cannot intermarry. Blacks cannot be hired for any other jobs other than menial ones in some states. And while they have the right to vote, blacks have to pass certain tests and requirements in order to exercise that right, while the whites are not encumbered by such requirements. Examples of how the Jim Crow laws are applied back then are present in the movie, but while discrimination is one of the themes tackled by the film, the examples are not given jarring emphasis; rather, they blend well in the general flow of the story. One example is that two of the three black characters named in the film are employed in menial jobs. Tom Robinson is a field hand while Calpurnia works as a maid in the Finch household. White people at that time are prohibited from hiring black people except to do menial jobs. Other examples that can be seen in the film are the separate seating arrangement of blacks and whites in the county courthouse, Bob Ewell calling Tom's father "boy" even though the latter obviously looks far older than him, the attitude their society takes on the matter of a white woman having relations with a black man (as implied in the testimonies given by all parties involved during the trial), and the all-white jury that deliberated on the case of Tom Robinson. The all-white jury is probably the very reason why Atticus Finch lost his case, despite the success he achieved in casting the testimonies of the prosecution's witnesses in questionable light, as well as the compelling closing argument he gave to the jury. First, Atticus establishes that the bruises and injuries sustained by Mayella Ewell were mostly on the right side of her face and body, which means that the blows were dealt with the right hand of the assaulter, and that two hands are needed to pin her down. Second, he casts a shadow on Bob Ewell's character, making him seem an illiterate person who is given to rage and violence when drunk. Third, he makes Tom Robinson catch a glass, proving

Ground Subsidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Ground Subsidence - Essay Example Most human built structures do rely on the ground for stability but what if the ground suddenly becomes unstable What if subsidence occurs This paper aims to answer these questions by discussing the nature of subsidence and its effects on civil works. I will be providing definitions and possible causes of subsidence. For the civil works, I will be enumerating the effects along precautionary and remedial measures that can mitigate its effects. "Ground subsidence" is legally defined as the means or process that is characterized by the downward displacement of surface material caused by natural phenomena such as removal of underground fluids, natural consolidation, or dissolution of underground minerals, or by man-made phenomena such as underground mining. (Colorado Geologic Survey) Subsidence may occur abruptly-virtually instantly-or gradually over many years. It may occur uniformly in a small, confined area as shown in Figure 1a or may occur over a wide area as local depressions as shown in Figure 1b. Subsidence is commonly associated with the dissolution of soluble rocks, such as limestone, beneath the surface while those with crystalline rocks in which most metals are mined have greater strength and are less likely to settle or collapse. The resultant landscape has closed depressions and is known as karst topography. Note that the depressions do not necessarily result to holes in the ground as shown in Figure 2. ... ed subsidence occur as a result of withdrawal of fluids from subsurface reservoirs as shown in Figure 4, from the collapse of soil and rock over subsurface holes, such as those left by underground mining and from the draining of wetlands. (Waltham and Cushaw, 2004) FIGURE 1a. SMALL SINKHOLE. Not all sinkholes are large subsidence features. Small collapse sinkholes, such as this one in Boyle County, Kentucky, are common. (Kentucky Geological Survey) FIGURE 1.b LARGE COLLAPSE SINKHOLE. This sinkhole near Montevallo in central Alabama was dubbed the "December Giant" after it measured close to 120 m (400 ft.) in diameter and 45 m (150 ft.) in depth. (U.S. Geological Survey) FIGURE 2. KARST TOPOGRAPHY. This rolling landscape of the Mitchell Plateau in southern Indiana is typical of karst topography in a humid temperate climate. (Samuel S. Frushour, Indiana Geological Survey) Subsidence can also occur due to expansive soils. There are clay-rich soils which shrink significantly during dry periods and expand or swell during wet periods. The swelling is caused by the chemical attraction of water molecules to the surface of very fine particles of clay. Swelling can also be caused by the chemical attraction of water molecules to layers within the crystal structure of some clay minerals. Figure 3a shows the mechanism by which expansion of soil can occur while Figure 3b shows water consumption by trees as another cause. FIGURE 3. EXPANSIVE SOILS (a) Smectite clay expands as water molecules are added onto and within the clay particles. (b) Effects of soil's shrinking and swelling at a home site. (After Mathewson, C. C., and J. P. Castleberry, II. Expansive soils: Their engineering geology. Texas A&M University) FIGURE 4. PROCESS OF SUBSIDENCE DUE TO WATER

Scheduling Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scheduling Operations Management - Essay Example Equipment, labor, and space must also be the resources scheduled for a university. A university must make sure it has enough instructors to teach all of the classes that have been scheduled, enough regular staff members to address the needs of the students who will be attending, and enough space to house the administration portion of the university as well as to hold all of the scheduled classes (even those with disabled students who need special accommodations). Typically, universities have two main networks of equipment that will need to be properly maintained by an in-house staff: administrative and classroom. Students will need computers, desks, or other workstations. Staff will need enough of the proper equipment to teach their courses effectively, including computers, projectors, smart boards, and the like. The types of resources that need to be scheduled for movie making include equipment, labor, and space. The equipment for movie making is various and ranges from cameras all the way to the equipment associated with temporary living accommodations on the filming scene. The labor includes directors, actors, extras, and regular staff members.

Characteristics of HRM Approaches

Characteristics of HRM Approaches HRM is the organisational function that emphasises on the intake, management and directing the people who work for the organisation. Main issues dealt with in the HRM include, but are not limited to, intake, monetary and non-monetary benefits, motivation, training, personnel development, communication, wellness and performance management. Characteristics of HRM approach The main characteristic of the HRM approach is to discover, polish and improvise the potential and talent that people working in the organisation have in them but are unaware of that, thus improving the quality, efficiency, productivity and satisfaction. HRM also aims to resolve any problems and conflicts that employees are facing. Moreover, maintenance of discipline is also characterised by HRM. Models of HRM: Following are some renowned models of HRM: Contingency model: advocates of this model believe that there is no ONE best way of leading an organisation. A style that is effective in one situation may not be of use in another and the best style to be applied depends on the situation being faced and that in turn depends on the internal and external constraints. The best practice model: suggests to identify best practice, give HR a high profile, get commitment from top management level, implement the best practice and then make that best practice a bench mark for rewarding employees. Harvard Framework: this model provides that HR policies are affected by situational factors and stakeholder interests. It also states that managers can affect numerous factors by the policies they choose which includes the four Cs i.e. competence, congruence, commitment and cost-effectiveness. Guests Model: discusses six factors which are HRM strategy, HRM practices, HRM outcome, behavioural outcomes, performance outcomes and financial outcomes. HRM Activities: Activities of HRM include the following: Staffing Planning (pipeline development) Benefits Planning Retirement Planning Compliance Performance Enhancement Consulting Employee Relation Labour Negotiations Executive Compensation Employee Development Management Development Recruitment Interviewing Payroll Benefits Administration Retirement Administration Employee Records Relocation Administration Recruitment Information Processing, and Employee Assistance Programs. Personnel and HR management: The difference in personnel and HR management is merely philosophical. Administrative nature to a far greater extent of personnel management than HR management makes it different from HR management. Personnel management mainly includes dealing in payroll, ensuring compliance to employment laws and other administrative tasks. However, in contrast to this, HR management considers the employees one of the most important organisational resource and deals with improvising it. HR Consultancy: HR consultancy aims to abridge the gap between the HR competence of the organisation and the complex HR needs. HR consultants main function is to provide the organisation with the adequate staff it requires. It is a kind of outsourcing. Role of HR practitioner: The role of HR practitioner is to develop a skilled work force that contribute to the organisational success, resolve the issues within the human resource and the between human resource and the organisation, to reconcile and align the individual and the organisational goals, to motivate employees and keep their morale at an acceptable level. Models of HRM roles: Legges Model: Legge has divided the models into four main types including normative, descriptive functional, descriptive behavioural and critical evaluative. Tyson and Fell: defined organisational role as a collection of activities representing a mode of functioning by managers and professionals in HR organisations. HR activities: HR activities include the following: Internal communication, Recruitment, Development of work force, Resolution of issues of work force, Alignment of personal and organisational goals, Training, Integration of organisational objectives, etc. Functions and roles of HR planning: Strategic Planning The rational process, frequently advocated in strategic planning texts and apparently by many practitioners, emphasizes purposeful activity through a logical formulation of goals, examination of alternatives, and delineation of plans prior to action. It tends to have long-term orientation and focuses on measureable forces affecting the firm, as well as quantitative activities and procedures. The process of the comprehensive strategic planning is topically composed of the following steps: Development of organizational philosophy and mission statement Environmental scanning Analysis of SWOT Formulation of strategic objectives Generation of alternative strategies for achieving objectives Evaluation and selection of the strategy Strategic Planning at Corporate Level Competitive strategies at business level are very relevant to human resources and the development of human resource strategies. Porters five forces provides good basis for understanding competitive strategies at business level. Porter has argued that there are five forces that can affect the potential profitability of an industry. The five forces are: The ease with which he new competitor can enter an industry Bargaining power of the customers Bargaining power of the suppliers Rivalry among the competitors Availability of substitutes for the industrys product and services In addition to these forces we also have the strategies that allow the firm to compete in the industry by applying one or mix of the following strategies. Low-cost leadership Strategy Differentiation Strategy Niche or Focus Strategies Planning in Strategic Business Unit Human Resource management can play an important role in strategic planning at the level of the strategic business unit and, as noted, is one of the in value chain analysis. The role may examine the context of human resource input in the development of strategic alternatives. It also called the planning at the different functional units of the organization like, Marketing, Finance, RD, etc. Recruitment methods: Recruitment methods involve setting of requirements for the individual to be hired, primarily. Such an individual may be present in the organisation, in such a case internal recruitment will be done. Thereafter these requirements are advertised. Advertisement: advertisement can be done in different modes that include giving advertisements in newspapers, journals, web sites. Application can also be made to the recruitment agencies of HR firms. Selection: once the advertisement has been made, selection is the next phase. Selection can be based on interviews, written tests, presentations, role playing, group discussions, report writing, etc. Human Resource Development Definition: Human Resource Development (HRD) is a framework to help employees develop personal and organizational skills, knowledge and abilities. Human Resource Development includes such opportunities as employee training, employee career development, performance management and development, coaching, mentoring, succession planning, key employee identification, tuition assistance, and organization development. Organisational learning and learning organisation: It is the study of ways in which the organisation learns and adapts. Whereas learning organisation means an organisation that encourages its employees to learn (be innovative and dynamic) and transforms itself to changing requirements. Learning theories: Learning cycle: the learning cycle model is based on five Es, including engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration and evaluation. Transfer of learning: it means that the skill and knowledge obtained during the training or the learning phase is implemented when performing job. Training methods: Effective training methods include the following: On the job training, Training courses, Seminars, Workshops, Job rotation, Secondments, Demonstration, Lectures, Conference, Role play, Simulations, Case studies, Projects, and Mentoring. Performance monitoring methods: Once the selection has been done and the candidates have been taken in as employees they are assigned specific tasks after initial training / orientation. Once an employee starts off with his routine work his performance needs to be monitored in order to ensure that he is delivering what in fact is expected out of him and to reward him as well. Performance can be measured in a number of ways out of which performance appraisal is the most commonly used method. In appraising performance of an employee people who interact with him are asked to comment on the benchmark criteria, generally set in advance. After the appraisal is done the appraised is provided feedback in both monetary and non-monetary terms. Most commonly used performance appraisal methods include the following: Management by objective, Graphic rating scales, Essay evaluation method, Paired comparison analysis, 360 degree performance appraisal, Performance ranking method, Behaviourally anchored rating scales, Behavioural observation scales. Reward management: The main aim of reward management is to establish a relation between pay and performance. Moreover, reward management defines the philosophy / rationale behind the remuneration or the benefits and employee is entitled to reap from the organisation after his performance has been measured. Factors determining pay: Following factors determine the pay: Productivity of employee, Comparative wages, Bargaining power, Demand and supply of employees, Condition of product market, and Business brought in by the employee. Job satisfaction and motivation towards working hard does not solely depend on the monetary benefits (hygiene factors) an employee is entitled to, personal growth, self actualisation, work environment and freedom has main contribution towards employees motivation and job satisfaction. If it is noted that the morale of the work team is not at the desired level then strategies should be put in place to ensure that dissatisfaction is removed which may include stringent discipline and grievance procedures after fully taking the employees in confidence. Frameworks like ACAS can be followed to remove grievances between employees and employers. Staff satisfaction can be measured from the behaviour they exhibit unintentionally that includes absenteeism, poor work quality and high turnover rate. The dissatisfaction can be eliminated in a number of ways that include improving the work atmosphere, increasing monetary rewards, counselling, giving reasonable autonomy to the employee, etc. For the purpose of this assignment, I selected the Standard Chartered Bank (SCB) for the practical application of the theory. Investigation as to how HRM contributes to the achievement of organisational goals: Three main activities performed by SCBs HR department related to HRM were: Job analysis: Job analysis provides the foundation for good selection and identifying the knowledge skills abilities and other requirements that need to be performed on the job. Interviews: Interviews are the universal feature of selecting feature of selection system. Research has shown that interview can have substantial validity, particularly when they have shown more structure and are conducted appropriately, and, Redevelopment and retraining: With the increased rate of technological change and potential for skill obsolescence, retraining may become more important. As a result many companies provide retraining for manager those skills have become obsolete. A critical determinant in the success of such program is managers self-efficacy beliefs, or that they will be successful in mastering the new skills. Meeting Organisational Objectives: By careful job analysis it was observed that the people selected for the relevant posts possessed adequate level of skill and competence that is needed to fulfil the tasks of the job. Smart interviewing panel of the SCB ensured that only those people are selected for the jobs that are capable of performing the relevant tasks as required by their jobs. Systems and procedures are changing in with the development of technology and introduction of new and stringent risk management procedures. In SCB it was noticed that to equip the personnel with the latest job knowledge effective retraining procedures were in place that led to the employees continual professional development, thus generating a better level of service and performing in an up-to-date manner. Reference to HRM Models: Contingency model (that suggests there is no one way of leadership and management, a situational model) The best practice model (suggests to identify best practice, give HR a high profile, get commitment from top management level, implement the best practice and then make that best practice a bench mark for rewarding employees). Examination of HR planning and development methods: Human Resource Planning is the process of assuring that right type of people with right capabilities are available when required. HRD of SCB has to take care of all the important activities. It is engaged in the process of hiring, firing, training, development and all other related activities. HRD is also engaged in process of designing and evaluating the jobs and determining a pay structure for the jobs. During planning company analyze its goals, its current strategies, its external environment, and its strengths and weaknesses, in terms of whether or not they can be achieved with the current Banks human resources. Then Bank begins to look at what skills, knowledge and abilities are available internally and where shortage of terms of people skills or equipment may exist. This analyzes leads to the new planning phase and as a result Bank recruit people with specific skills Bank required to organizational development. Its HR department duty to create a link between the organizational goals and ensuring that the company can meet the objectives with which structure in determining skills, knowledge and abilities of jobholder. The employees at SCB are self-motivated and the reason for their kind of motivation is the working environment which has to be conductive for efficiency. The morale of workers in SCB is very high and this high morale is as a result of keen interest and careful supervision of the top management. It is all because of the healthy environment provided at all branches of the Bank and very kind and neat relationship among the employees, and very satisfactory compensation and benefit system. HR department of the company determine what jobs need to be done and how many and what types of workers will be required. At SCB several approaches are available for the development of workforce skills that are needed: Training Program SCB relates training with the productivity. Training solves the many efficiency related programs in the work place it may also involves the analytical and the thinking skills trainings that help to resolve the problems. These programs are for the middle level manager and the lower level manager. Training Methods The Bank continues to follow its strategy of hiring batches of young and energetic Management Trainees who are sent to Training and Development Center for training in all areas of banking. At the same time, short courses are continually conducted to not only enhance their skill level but also increase their performance potential. Training covers broad areas of human resource activities. Following are few very popular and common training methods: Orientation Coaching Mentoring Computer based training or instructional training Computer assisted instructions: Job Rotation: After planned intervals of time employees are transferred. To other locations according to the policy. On the Job training: Three types of employees are subjected to on the job training. Although other type of training programs are conducted for their grooming but the emphasis is gives for on the job training for them. The bank has the latest state of the training facilities and it has its own Training and development Centre. (TDC). Supervisors identify the individuals in the department whether the employee needs training in a particular field or for a particular job. Three types of employees are subjected to on the job training. Although other type of training programs are conducted for their grooming but the emphasis is gives for on the job training for them. Apprentices b) internees Off-The Job Training: The newly inducted officers are being trained to help perform their duties in full competence to avoid any error in bank transaction, and boost their efficiency. Evaluation of the planning and development methods: Proper HR planning has helped the bank to ensure that right people are on the right desks doing the work in the right manner. It has also helped the bank to identify the service gaps and hire people where shortages are evidenced. By planning the HR department has created a link between banks goals and the right people to pursue that. The development of HR has ensured that the staff is adequate and technically well equipped to serve that banks goals. Adequate training ensures that employees are up-to-date and possess necessary skill level to complete the assigned tasks. Analysis of ways in which performance of HR may be enhanced: Review of how HR performance is monitored and indicated: The only basic performance measurement tool SCB has is the performance appraisal system and they are continually making improvements in it to eliminate the bias. Performance appraisal is directly related to the performance description and the work standards. The process of reviewing the individual performance. First of all, bank sets some standards for different level of employees and direct to their employees to do work according to these standards and evaluating their performance. In SCB Performance appraisals are usually prepared every six months. Every employee is to be received and on the basis of this performance compensation and benefits are determined. SCB offers very competitive salaries and benefits to both fresh recruits and experienced bankers. Once part of the SCB family you can expect both monetary and non monetary rewards based on performance, some of our benefits are: Compensating and rewarding employees is very important to motivate the employees and to attain the consistent performance. Reward system provides the ability to reinforce desired behaviours and serve the traditional functions of attracting and maintain a qualified workforce. SCB compensation system is the combination of different practices which are discussed below; Traditional compensation system Traditional compensation system used by SCB is the combination of the factor comparison system and point system which uses the job evaluation manual to assign points to each job. SCB has the traditional compensation system as the basic salary which is fixed for every employee beside other compensations. Skill-based remuneration This is basically for the middle level management for learning and implementing new things which can be offered by the bank or chooses by the individual themselves. Employees know that it increases. The chances of the promotion and the increase in the compensation will increase as well as bank SCB have bonus for learning new skills and doing new management courses. Due to the rapid change in the todays business environment organization need to make-up the employee for the potential jobs and assignments to be competitive in the market. Broadbanding This approach contains some of the factors of the traditional pay based system but like skills based pay it is directed towards obtaining greater flexibility. With broad banding SCB increases the pay of the employee but dont promote them this is usually done for the more experienced employees to with low education they often are not promoted but they pay is increased. Team Based Pay Compensation system is needed to reward team members for behaviors that facilitate strategy implementation. SCB usually forms teams for some projects only. Compensation given to those teams is based on the compensation of the achievement of the objectives of the team. The compensation includes bonuses, stocks, holidays and promotions. In the project management teams employees are also cross trained. Executive Compensation Executive compensation system like other employees have the basic salary but that includes no of benefits besides that, which includes the wide range of conveyance allowance. But same like in many other organizations this is not well-defined in SCB. Ways to improve: The appraisals should be 360 degrees in order to ensure that what all different stake-holders feel about a particular employee. Appraisals should be carried every quarter so that improvements may be made on a timelier basis. The operations staff should not be appraised on the basis of how much business it has generated. Appraisals should also take into account the level of innovation an employee has brought in.

Personal Narrative - My First True Love :: Personal Narratives

My First True Love Teens deal with conflict on a day-to-day basis. This holds true especially for Jared. You could say Jared was your average everyday teenager. He plays the guitar in his free time and has a great number of friends. But as for girlfriends, that’s a different story. It’s not like he isn’t an attractive guy. He has shoulder-length brown hair, dark brown eyes and a smile that was incomparable. His guitar playing skills and singing ability would make a girl go through the roof. And for one special girl, they do. Jared has attended a summer camp for the past four years. During these four years at camp there are at least ten girls who fall for him. Any other guy would see this as great, but not Jared. For three out of the four years he was at camp Jared had Brittany waiting on him at home. Brittany and Jared adored each other. But this summer would be different. Jared attends camp not looking for anyone but ends up meeting Jessi. Jessi lives in Ohio County and this is her second year at the camp. Nothing really happens between them. They just become friends and promise to keep in touch until the next summer. The phone calls are endless with e-mails and online chats even longer. They are really starting to bond. By mid-September Jared’s mom, Kendra decides it’s time for everyone from the camp to meet up again before Halloween. She plans an all weekend sleepover at their house. Friends from all over the state will come and party the whole weekend through. The weekend before the big party, Lorraine, Jared’s best friend from camp comes in and helps his mom get the house ready. During that weekend, Brittany breaks Jared’s heart. She says she still loves him but isn’t in love with him. Jared is devastated. How could this be happening to him? Talking to Jessi on the phone helps because she was going through the same thing. Although Jessi won’t be able to make it to the party the following weekend, she calls often during that time to be there for Jared.

Diversity Training Essay

Research diversity training programs and their effectiveness. Discuss the purpose of diversity training and review the types of programs that are most effective in meeting goals for improving diversity within organizations. Diversity training is recommended to provide employees with the knowledge and skills to effectively communicate and relate to shareholders of different ethnicity, gender, mannerisms, sexual orientation, religion, and age. Diversity training has a positive impact on the company because it helps employees to respond more sensitively to differences in the workplace. Employees will become more aware of their actions, and mannerisms with others in the workplace. Also, it may be necessary to train managers in diversity in order to comply with the equal opportunity/affirmative action laws. Managers that are trained can effectively address diversity issues in the workplace (Reasons for Diversity, n.d.). Diversity training is effective if employees can recognize the advantages of becoming a culturally diverse workplace. Advantages can include; attracting and retaining valuable employees, increased innovation and creativity, and improved team performance. Organizations that encompass diversity can provide a better service or product if employees can understand their customer’s culture and background. The most effective approach for improving workplace diversity is to create a program to promote diversity hiring. A position or task force should be created who’s primarily responsibility is to oversee diversity hiring and training. Typically, diversity training is effectively taught through group exercises, role play, lectures, and video presentations. In conjunction with diversity training programs, the organization should promote employee involvement through diversity committees, diversity staff positions, and affirmative action plans (Rolander, n.d.). When employees are more involved, they become more aware of their actions and the actions of others to help promote diversity. References: Reasons for diversity training. (n.d.). Retrieved April 7, 2010, from Ehow website: http://www.ehow.com/facts_4912414_reasons-diversity-training.html Rolander, G.-C. (n.d.). Creating effective diversity policies . In Divesity central. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from http://www.diversitycentral.com/ diversity_practitioners/research_07_04.html What are the ways an organization can identify managers with dysfunctional behaviors? Once these managers are identified, describe the various actions that could be undertaken to help them change these behaviors. The symptoms and warning signs of a dysfunctional manager include; arrogance in leadership, lack of leadership performance feedback (from employees), favoritism, over-management that inhibits communication between staff members, lack of collaboration, lack of teamwork, low productivity, decline in employee morale, backstabbing, and high rate of employee absenteeism and turnover (Jones, n.d.). Consequently, with bad workplace politics and performance, employees will often distance themselves and can become uncooperative if they feel discriminated against and unappreciated. In some cases, employees will resort to sabotaging the company name, and the organization will risk losing their high performers. Furthermore, employees will lose their motivation and productivity (Jones, n.d.). Once the managers are identified, performance-oriented goals should be set to cure the bad behavior (Jones, n.d.). Fist, the organization must identify the performance issues and get feedback from employees. Employee feedback can be evaluated through an employee feedback survey. The manager must be willing to participate in the change program and recognize their bad behavior. Team-building workshops can be used to educate and train management on effective communication and conflict resolution (Jones, n.d.). If differences are still apparent after arbitration, replacement of the uncooperative management is necessary. References: Jones, M. (n.d.). Dysfunctional Leadership & Dysfunctional Organization . In The Politics of failure: watch out for the warning signs of bad leadership. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from http://www.iim-edu.org/ dysfunctionalleadershipdysfunctionalorganizations/index.htm

Immigration in California

Immigration in California Free Online Research Papers Immigration was a big issue for many Americans about 1- ½ years ago. When I lived in California it was on of the main problems for the state. Honestly I am more for Immigration then against it, but for a little while I was against it. I remember how I felt when I thought that I was a minority in the country that I am a citizen in. I was tired of applying for a job and being told that even though I had the education, and experience, I was not qualified because I didn’t speak Spanish. Or when I was trying to enroll into a program at the local college I didn’t qualify because I was not a minority. It was so frustrating to know that I basically my address said California but it seemed like Mexico. I completely understand why many Americans wanted the borders to be closely watched and why the Governor wanted to send our Troops to guard the borders. The best thing about this is that it opened up a lot of jobs for Americans that paid very well. After I was being selfish for a couple of month I started thinking: â€Å"Who are we to tell people that they couldn’t live here because they are taking up everything?† which was one of the main complaints. All they want is to provide their family with opportunities that they didn’t have and are not able to provide them with in their country. Isn’t that what most Americans stride to do for their families? I feel that it the system to become a citizen wasn’t so expensive and such a long process then they would be legally. I don’t understand why we pride ourselves to be the greatest country in the world and why we brag about it if we don’t want them to be here. When you think of opportunity you think of America, but yet the â€Å"Land of Opportunities† make it hard for others outside this country to experience that opportunities. Over the years we have witness other countries trying to be just like us. America is a role model for these other countries, and what example have we been setting? Some people in this great country is all about telling everyone how great it is to live here and how †free† it is , but then we charge some one from a poor country their whole life savings in order to live here and then it’s not even guaranteed that you will be able to stay here How fair and free is that? Many countries run their government as we do and treat their citizens somewhat like we do. Just like the old motto: â€Å"If you can’t beat them, join them!† Why is it so hard for us to let them join us? Other countries basically welcomes us with open arms, we welcome them with armed guards and an American Boot! This is False Advertisement!!! Research Papers on Immigration in CaliforniaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyDefinition of Export QuotasCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West Meet

hungarian immigrants to canada essays

hungarian immigrants to canada essays To what extent does the novel or memoir you have chosen provide useful insights into the topic mentioned? John Marlyn's 'Under the Ribs of Death' is concerned with the life of Sandor Hunyadi, a young Hungarian living in Canada. The novel follows his life as a young boy, and then as a young man in the years before the Great Depression. Sandor's efforts to find his place within Canadian society are a dominant theme of the novel, as is the problem of poverty. Perhaps the all-encompassing term which would define Sandor's life is struggle. Sandor's home life can be seen in terms of a constant struggle against poverty. Like many other Hungarian immigrants, Sandor's father is a janitor, a low-paid, menial job. Hungarians brought with them few skills fit for the Canadian job market, and were often employed in jobs with low wages, and were highly exploited by the Canadian employers. Sandor himself was shocked and upset when he heard his father being talked down to by his employer, but this type of treatment was common for Hungarian immigrants to Canada, who were subjected to prejudice and hate. Although being shocked by his father's treatment, Sandor is very aware of the prejudice against immigrants. He shows this from an early age when he tells his parents that "the only people who count are the English ... 'cause when you're English it's the same as bein' Canadian", and because of this prejudice he is determined to demonstrate that he is as Canadian as everyone else. His pride of sharing his birthday with Victoria Da y is clear evidence that he is proud to be Canadian, as is his absolute fervour over obtaining a flag. The most obvious symbol of Sandor's desire to assimilate is his decision to change his name. Sandor's name has always caused him problems with the Canadians, and from his encounter with Mrs Crawford when he became Alex Humphrey, to his later decision to become Alex Hunter, he has always felt that his foreign name was a h...

Continuing with the plan development, this part will focus on the Essay

Continuing with the plan development, this part will focus on the marketing, operations and insurance components. It needs to pr - Essay Example These components are essential since they can determine the success of the restaurant in its operations. Additionally, the plan will outline how I will provide insurance for all employees, and insurance for my restaurant. II. Marketing Plan: In general, I have four methods that will be used to carry out marketing activities for my new restaurant and these include the following: the traditional way by words of mouth, online media, banner & brochures, and redemption door prize& discount. I believe that these methods would increase the popularity of my Hawaiian restaurant and this strategy can also contribute towards attracting a lot of customers. II.1.Words of Mouth One of the crucial aspects in business is the use of traditional method of marketing where the word of mouth will be utilized. The members of society often respond in different ways to a market offering where they may be surprised, disgusted or complain due service failure. Therefore, words of mouth are essential since they can be used as the initial strategy to respond to the concerns of the members of society and the targeted consumers. With this opportunity at hand, I anticipate that my restaurant will be one of the hottest spots in Washington D.C. since it will be the only Hawaiian restaurant. ... I am pretty sure that this word of mouth marketing strategy will help me to attract a lot of loyal customers because of family relationships and ties with the employees. This strategy will positively contribute to the success of the restaurant in its operations since it will mainly involve direct interaction with the potential customers. II.2.Online Media During the current period, it can be seen that the media particularly social media have been transformed into an effective platform for people to discuss various current issues, and events. I will hire people with good public relations, and communication skills to organize and manage my social media campaigns for my Hawaiian restaurant. First of all, I am going to concentrate on Yelp, and Trip Advisor because people often refer to these websites when they are looking for a restaurant in their area. I should try to create and maintain trust among the customers that will visit my restaurant. I will also make sure that we give feedback to the customers through Yelp, and Trip Advisor. In addition, my public relations division should update the restaurant website, Facebook pages, Instagram, and Twitter with current events, new menu, and any changes with our office hours every week. This will attract people to visit my restaurant to see upcoming events such or musicians who will entertain my Hawaiian restaurant customers. II.3. Banner & Brochures This is one of the marketing strategies that I will use for my restaurant. I will create attractive banners and place them on the streets, and I will also hire students from college and high school to spread the brochures at the Metro station, and public grocery stores. There would also be a frequent brochure that will highlight my restaurant’s future

Does globalization threaten cultural diversity Essay

Does globalization threaten cultural diversity - Essay Example By the help of all the advancement and progress in the technology now anyone can travel a thousand miles in matter of hours and days. However Globalization is a very controversial topic, many economist don’t support the idea of globalization as it has many diverse affects on the economy. As many economist believe that Advances in communication and transportation technology, combined with free-market ideology, have given goods, services, and capital unprecedented mobility. And this can affect the local market of the country. It is also argued that globalization threatens cultural diversity by its promotion of an internationalized or corporate culture. Many cultures seem to be overly influenced by the most dominant cultures like American and Britain. The loss of cultural identities leads to the diminishing of such concepts as cultural diversity and multicultural environment. ... diversity by diminishing distinct cultural identities American Cultural Imperialism is the concept that strongly goes against the promotion of cultural diversity through globalization. The dominance of America on world economy and business market leads them to a place where their power of negotiation and economic stability influences the people as well as their beliefs and cultural priorities. The diverse population living in America, for instance, is under the influence of American culture, the freedom it brings, the dresses it allows and the social status it offers. Hence, smaller or less famous cultures are slowly and steadily transforming into an Americanized culture and the concept of cultural diversity diminishes. The swiftly increasing development pace of the globalization concept leads to several uncontrollable outcomes for the diverse cultural identities (Puledda 2000). The technological advancements, mass media and easy transportation give rise to a world where distances ca nnot place a boundary for people from reaching the foreign cultures, business markets and traditions. The people working abroad are even given chances to learn the language that is native to the country they moved to. Although it is a good move, it rejects the cultural diversity concept and rather snatches and transforms the distinct cultural identities of people. Globalization is bringing people together but it is also responsible for diminishing the uniqueness of other cultures. The marketing campaigns and rules of the companies trading in more than one country may not fulfill the cultural rules effectively due to unawareness or difficulty in managing different policies for each country. The unitary code of conduct for employees working under the name of a single brand may not be

The Triple Constraints Model of Project Management Essay - 1

The Triple Constraints Model of Project Management - Essay Example As outline above the fist dimension is that of the project itself which he defines as â€Å"an endeavour†¦designed to produce some novel, unitary objective from which we expect to derive new benefits† (p. 5).   The key is to understand what needs to be accomplished (the plan) and the amount of time to accomplish it while still ensuring quality.   Flexibility, innovation, cooperation and a sense of urgency are important characteristics.  Ã‚   Turner (1991) stresses that the project manager must focus on the results, what it is the project is to accomplish.   Focusing on anything less increases the opportunity for failure or deviation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ensure that all work done delivers essential project objectives† (Turner, 1991: 7).   To accomplish this five essential functions are involved: â€Å"scope of the work, the organization (the people who do the work), quality, cost and duration† (Turner, 1991: 7).   The last three he stresses, although impor tant, are merely constraints; without the project or people there would be no project.     The second dimension of this theory is the management process, which takes the vision or dream and makes it the reality, the outcome.   This encompasses a four part process for successful outcome, each important and overlapping requiring process definition that looks beyond department boundaries to a seamless flow requiring cooperation and multiple, simultaneous effort by teamwork.   These for stages begin with the proposed idea and beginning of the project move onto execution and process.

Marijuana Legalization Essay Example for Free

Marijuana Legalization Essay Marijuana legalization is a unique issue currently gaining momentum in America. Over 25 million Americans have used marijuana in the past year, 100 million have tried the drug at least once, and 14 million use regularly (â€Å"About Marijuana†). The growth, sale, possession, and consumption of marijuana for any reason are against federal law. Two states, Colorado and Washington, have legalized recreational marijuana use for adults over the age of 21, and sixteen additional states and Washington D. C. have legalized medical marijuana (â€Å"Pot Legalization Could Save†). However, all of these states are acting illegally according to federal law. Marijuana legalization is a complex issue that could upend cultural tradition, affect the economy, potentially affect crime and individual health, and challenge the balance of state and federal powers. The government’s purpose as stated in the Preamble of the Constitution is â€Å"to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The constitutionality of marijuana criminalization thus depends on its effectiveness in promoting these goals. Three central areas to consider in the debate for or against legalization are the medical risks, the social effects, and the economic effects. The medical effects of marijuana have been fairly well studied. It is important to compare the medical risks of marijuana use versus use of drugs that are commonly and legally used and abused, such as tobacco and alcohol, as well as to distinguish between use and abuse. Smoking marijuana is widely presumed to have adverse effects on lung health. Smoking marijuana leads to the inhalation of up to three times as much tar as smoking cigarettes, probably because marijuana users inhale differently, breathing more deeply and waiting longer to exhale. Marijuana smoke can also contain up to 70 percent more carcinogens than tobacco smoke (Dohney). However, few marijuana users smoke as frequently as tobacco users. A study that was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association looked at marijuana smokers who averaged one joint per day for seven years and found no adverse effects on lung function (Dohney). In another study, called the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Developments in Young Adults), occasional and moderate marijuana users actually had increased lung capacity over tobacco smokers and non-smokers. For those who smoked marijuana 20 or more times per month, lung capacity dipped back to normal non-smoking levels, but only the most chronic marijuana smokers experienced lung capacity below an average non-smoker (Szalavitz, â€Å"Lung Damage†). Studies have thus far failed to link marijuana smoking and lung cancer. Although marijuana smoke is carcinogenic, THC (the active drug in the marijuana plant) also has anti-inflammatory and tumor-inhibiting properties, decreasing the risk of lung disease (Szalavitz, â€Å"Lung Damage†). Based on these conclusions, marijuana use is much less dangerous than tobacco use from a pulmonary standpoint. Additionally, many marijuana users ingest THC by inhaling vapor, eating it in baked goods, drinking it after simmering, or by swallowing concentrated capsules. These methods are increasing in popularity and don’t cause the same exposure to carcinogenic smoke (Dohney). Reduction in brain function is another commonly cited negative health effect of marijuana use. Judgment, coordination, attentiveness, reaction time, perception, and other mental functions can be altered while under the influence of marijuana. The assumption of such a statement is often that performing activities such as driving while high on marijuana is dangerous, but that assumption has not been emphatically confirmed in the consistent and extensive array of studies on drugged driving. Marijuana users are typically aware of slowed reaction time and impaired coordination, and they compensate by driving more cautiously (â€Å"Marijuana and Driving†). In one study, researchers compared driving under the influence of marijuana with driving under the influence of alcohol. They concluded, â€Å"Subjects who have received alcohol tend to drive in a more risky manner. Both substances impair performance; however, the more cautious behavior of subjects who have received marijuana decreases the impact of the drug on performance, whereas the opposite holds true for alcohol† (A.  Smiley). Of course, no one is advocating for impaired driving of any kind, be it under the influence of alcohol, marijuana, over the counter or prescription medication, or even fatigue. It is important to note, however, that driving high is less dangerous than driving under the influence of alcohol or some other drugs (Marijuana and Driving). Long-term concerns about impaired brain function from marijuana use are unfounded. Impairment of memory and learning ability don’t appear to extend beyond the time of the high itself. The popular image of young people ‘smoking themselves stupid’ has perpetuated an assumption that marijuana use is to blame for decreased intelligence. In a comprehensive study by the Centre for Mental Health Research at Australian National University, however, researchers concluded that apparent differences in intelligence among non-users, former users, light users, and heavy users were actually linked to participants sex, socio-economic backgrounds, and levels of education rather than to marijuana use itself. When these factors were considered, the effect disappeared and even heavy marijuana users did not show cognitive decline (Szalavitz, â€Å"Cognitive Impairment†). It is harder to determine the effect of marijuana on adolescents with developing brains. Legalization laws apply to adults over the age of 21, however, rendering that concern irrelevant. It is also notable that marijuana overdose can not cause death, while alcohol poisoning is responsible for numerous deaths every year (â€Å"About Marijuana†). Overall, the negative health effects (if any) of responsible, adult marijuana use are consistently found to be far less significant than the negative effects of the legal drugs alcohol and tobacco. In no proven way does marijuana pose a significant public health hazard. Different countries and states have and enforce very different drug laws, but in many places possession or cultivation of small amounts of marijuana has been decriminalized. Certain Australian states, Canada, some European countries, including the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, and Belgium, and several Latin American countries, including Peru, Argentina, Mexico, Chile, and Paraguay, are key examples of countries where personal use is legally acceptable (â€Å"World Marijuana Laws†). Many critics of marijuana legalization cite increased crime rates, increased use of marijuana and other drugs, and increased underage usage as potential issues. Exploration of the effects of legalization in other countries, as well as recently in Colorado and Washington, can show that these concerns are largely unfounded. Studies consistently find that decriminalization does not lead to increased usage of marijuana or other drugs (â€Å"Marijuana Decriminalization†). A study in the Journal for Public Health Policy, for example, stated: The available data indicate that decriminalization measures substantially reduced enforcement costs, yet had little or no impact on rates of use in the United States. In the South Australian community, none of the studies have found an impact in cannabis use which is attributable to the introduction of the Cannabis Expiation Scheme [decriminalization] (E. Single). As far as underage usage is concerned, drug dealers will of course never be bothered by the age of their clients. Legalization would be the only way for underage usage to be controlled, as licensed dealers would not be able to sell to those under 21 (â€Å"Legalization Will Reduce Crime†). No one has successfully linked marijuana use to increased violence, reckless behavior, or injury (E. Single). Alcohol abuse, however, is widely linked to violent crime, with an estimated 32 to 50 percent of homicides preceded by alcohol consumption (Gywenne). One of the only dangers associated with marijuana is a direct result of its illegality: innocents that stumble upon illicit farms or stashes are sometimes killed by farmers or traffickers to protect themselves from exposure (Quinones). These deaths, as well as deaths and injury due to fighting between traffickers, dealers, and clients, could be avoided by government regulated growth and sale of marijuana. Illicit drug producers and cartels seek one thing: profit. Because of marijuana’s illegality, secrecy is a key component of their success. They are not afraid to use extreme, ruthless measures to accomplish that end, and the legalization of marijuana would result in the loss of their most widespread market (â€Å"About Marijuana). The potential economic effects of decriminalization of marijuana are huge. It would cut criminal justice spending enormously by decreasing costs associated with catching and processing users (Bradford). Again, there is no established link between marijuana legalization and increased use, as well as no connection between use and crime (â€Å"Marijuana Decriminalization†). Nearly 850,000 people were arrested on marijuana-related charges last year, and ninety percent were for possession only (â€Å"Legalization Will Reduce Crime†). Prosecution for marijuana possession and time spent incarcerated can have devastating effects on an individual, shattering opportunities and creating massive obstacles in nearly every area of life (Gywenne). Beyond saving monetary resources and protecting the future of individuals who use marijuana responsibly, legalization would save time and human resources for more significant crimes in an overwhelmed legal system. More than 300 economists have signed a petition showing their agreement with a report stating that, between savings in the law enforcement department and potential tax revenues, the U. S. could save $13. 7 billion dollars per year. Other economists cite much larger savings, up to $100 billion (â€Å"Pot Legalization Could Save†). Marijuana is the largest cash crop in twelve American states, and in the top five in thirty-nine states (â€Å"Legalization Will Reduce Crime†). Nationwide, the industry is valued at around thirty-six billion dollars annually (Bradford). A market that large has huge economic implications and power, could create a considerable number of jobs, and legalization could reduce the cost of marijuana and thus inject a significant amount of money previously used for marijuana into other areas of the economy. Marijuana use does have the potential to be harmful, just as alcohol has the potential to be harmful. However, most marijuana use is not harmful. Legalization should allow for responsible use by adults only. Underage usage, impaired driving, smoking marijuana in public non-smoking areas, and the abuse of marijuana should be defined and prosecuted accordingly. The distinction between marijuana use and abuse is critical. Legalization would allow for more effective control of marijuana abuse, while decreasing violence, conserving resources, avoiding the dangers of questionable quality and purity due to unreliable dealers and farmers, and allowing for responsible use. Use of marijuana and other drugs would not increase significantly, crime would not increase, and health is a minimal concern. The marijuana debate comes down to a question of constitutionality. Does criminalizing marijuana promote the goals stated in the preamble, or is it counterproductive? Criminalizing the drug does not â€Å"form a more perfect union†, but rather raises a conflict between state and federal governments and the American population. Does it â€Å"establish justice†? It instead takes resources away from more serious issues of social justice to prosecute individuals who wish to responsibly exercise a choice. The criminalization of marijuana certainly works against the effort to â€Å"ensure domestic tranquility† by encouraging an underground market whose ruthless perpetrators resort to violence to protect their profit. On a similar note, it can be said that criminalization does not â€Å"provide for the common defense† or â€Å"promote the general welfare† because it promotes violence and because marijuana use does not pose a significant threat to public health or safety. Finally, legalization would â€Å"ensure the blessings of liberty† by allowing adults to make their own informed decisions about the use of the drug. Looking at each aspect individually, it becomes more and more clear that recreational marijuana legalization would be beneficial and constitutional. Word Count: 1906

The Deployment of Security Policy in Information Systems Essay

Database auditing is considered as a contemporary article on database due to a vital role on the database security (Abraham, etal .,2002). There are many different of motivations that make one very excited to do this work , Nevertheless there are millions of database transactions that being executed among different of hosts all-round the organization sites. There are many question arise such as How to do some statistical analysis on database, also How to reveal out the crimes that the database is vulnerable to. Surrounding the world that fully of millions of end users part of this huge figure doing malicious activities that may create crises and Misleading ,thus, firms depend on the information that being manipulated on the database and as it has been noticed the information is strategic material on organization. With the many of database crimes it is very difficult to determine the person that is responsible of some malicious activities in the database, therefore, database auditing implementation is generated to stand behind this issues wherever a crimes appears on an organization. On other hand the database auditing implementation assist on the assessment of our organization’s behaviors, attitudes, and rationality in dealing with organizational database. Within the technological competence awareness is important, different security solutions have been presented and the best solution is to audit the database logs, actions on database and any alteration on the objects of database to avoid any data modification. Through revolution of information technology (rapid, vast technology) Database auditing implementation should afford the velocity and power full to monitor the database activities. Moreover, we are in a bottle n... ...erience in analysis and design of distributed information systems, I+D Computation, Vol.1, No.1, July 2002. [8] H.G. Sol, R.L. Crosslin, Dynamic modelling of information systems II, North Holland, Amsterdam,1992. [9] P.I Rivera-Vega, R. Karlapalem, M. Ra, A mixed fragmentation approach for inintial distributed database design, Proceedings of International conference on data engineering, IEEE, 1990. [10] K. Hui, Knowledge Fusion and Constraint Solving in a Distributed Environment, PhD Thesis, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Aberdeen, 2000. [11] R. Varadarajan, P.I. Rivera-Vega, S.B. Navathe, Data redistribution scheduling in fully connected networks, Proceedings of 27th Annual Alberton conference on communication, Control and Computing, 1989. [12] M.T. Ãâ€"zsu, P. Valduriez, Principles of distributed database systems, Prentice Hall Edt, New Jersey, 1999.

CA.S.T.ing a Light on Talent :: Drama Journalism Acting Essays

CA.S.T.ing a Light on Talent As play auditions got under way in Hillsboro, NH, the director asked Chelsy Starkweather,13, the first and youngest of the night’s auditions, to repeat her monologue, twice. At first, she hid behind a baseball cap and sat on a chair, something most play directors would forbid. But Justin Scarelli, 22, who founded Community Arts as a Stage for Teens (C.A.S.T.), knew how to draw out Starkweather’s confidence. She repeated her monologue, standing and one last time without her baseball cap. After her very last line on her third performance, Scarelli and Chelsy’s peers broke out in applause. The smile on Starkweather’s face proved that, at C.A.S.T., something special is happening. â€Å"This is a great way to let kids have a chance to act and learn to direct because school drama programs can be limiting,† Tom Ellsworth, 17, the student Chair of C.A.S.T. said. That something special was what Scarelli had in mind in the summer of 2004 after he helped direct a documentary about media literacy for Project Genesis, a nonprofit teen center and in Hillsboro. After spending the summer with the teens, he saw their creativity grow; he also noted that their desire to learn more about directing and the arts grew as the weeks went on. By the time the documentary was finished, Scarelli spoke with Deborah Whitaker-Duncklee, a youth counselor who runs Project Genesis, about the possibility of extending the summer media project throughout the year. â€Å"During the summer everyone got to see creativity as something tangible,† Scarelli said. â€Å"We wanted to bring what we were doing into school drama programs.† Scarelli and Whitaker-Duncklee found that schools were not receptive to their ideas, so they decided to start a program through Project Genesis. The only problem was money. After speaking with Peter Brigham, the director of youth services in Hillsboro, Scarelli put together a proposal for his program and began to search for funding. â€Å"I didn’t have any [creative] guidance so I wanted to be able to give that to the kids,† Scarelli said. â€Å"But it’s very hard to get financial support.† As of December 4, 2004, Brigham’s budget for youth services in 2005 is $60,000 with counseling services, or $40,000 without. That money is distributed throughout Hillsboro and nearby Deering, NH, for all youth-oriented programs and is used up rather quickly. While the budget does not assign a specific amount of money to each service provided, this budget ultimately needs outside assistance.

What Impact Did the Major Political, Economic and Social Changes of the Meiji Restoration Have on Japan?

Japan’s goal of achieving fukoku kyohei, â€Å"rich country; strong military†, fuelled major political, economic and social changes during the Meiji Restoration. By the 20th century, Japan had a modern constitution and national parliament, though it was not truly democratic. The modernization of the nation also made Japan richer and more economically stable, with a structured education system. Japan, an impotent, closed feudal state, was transformed into a formidable nation focused on nationalism. In attempt to acquire strength and unity in the government, political changes focused on creating a centralized government and a western constitution. In consequence, the Japanese government became more united and organized. As the western nations were the most influential countries at the time, Japan believed that following a western example would prove most effective. In order to create a fully centralized government, feudalism was ended. The government was then able to establish power over all of the 260 feudal domains. The court nobles and the feudal lords were given the same rank†¦compelled to hand back (land). † (Miocevich, 25) The use of the word ‘compelled’ suggests that there was some dissension within the government. There was also argument over public voice and the style of the constitution. As a result, the first constitution was abandoned, leading to the creation of a second Meiji Constitution in 1889. Although the government was still under imper ial rule, it was slowly moving towards democracy, as a Prussian parliamentary system was adopted. Regardless, various parties were still excluded from political influence, as the oligarchy, ruling in the emperor’s name, continued to hold significant authority. The constitution did however foster a more organized and united government in Japan. During 1883, the Progressive Party founded by Okuma, which opposed the constitutional model, fell apart. All political parties eventually unified under one government. These changes provided Japan with the unity and strength it needed to transform itself, a victim, into one of the powerful aggressors. The economic changes that occurred in Japan focused on increasing revenue and in turn, helped Japan achieve its goal in becoming a richer nation with stronger defenses. With industrialization as a key aim in Japan’s economy, the shokusan koygo, a government policy that encouraged economic freedom, was developed. Infrastructure was also tightened, as a new banking system was developed, modern communications were constructed, and an official currency was adopted and issued. Lastly, in order to acquire more revenue, a new land tax was introduced, while the government also began allowing and promoting the purchase of certain industries from private companies in the Zaibatsu. By the end of the Meiji Restoration, Japan, as â€Å"one of the world’s largest produces of coal and exporters of copper† (Miocevich, 26), definitely possessed a progressive and prosperous economy. The land tax, which contributed to 78% of the nation’s income in 1868, had decreased to 30% by 1897. Miocevich, 27) This indicates that Japan was now receiving a constant flow of revenue by other means, such as the Zaibatsu. The nation was now economically stable, and had transitioned into an aggressive and successful nation. Japan’s triumph in both the Sino-Japanese War in 1894 and Russo-Japanese War in 1904 further confirmed Japan’s new and seemingly indestructible defenses. The Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895) gave Japan â€Å"most-favored nation rights in China, a privilege long desired. †(Miocevich, 34) The Treaty of the Portsmouth (1905) gave Japan â€Å"the lease of the Liaotung Peninsula†. Miocevich, 37) Japan would have never been able to demand these advantages if it had not conquered China and Russia. By the end of the Meiji Restoration, Japan had taken its inevitable part in the international scene. As the government and economy adjusted, the society took on many changes as well, such as the adoption of the Western culture, a reform in the education system, and the instillation of nationalism in Japan. The desire to be perceived as an equal by Westerners resulted in the adoption of the Western culture in the Japanese society. There were changes in the fashion as well as food and cuisine. Western-style haircuts were ubiquitous in the Japanese streets during 1870, while the introduction to bread, beef and dairy products made their way to the community subsequently. With the aim of a modernized society, the Meiji government also found an organized education system a vital aspect, thus instituting the Terokoya system. This change in education also launched the establishment of the Ministry of Education, which had an aim of providing education for all people. In 1868, almost 13,000 terakoyas were constructed with 837,000 students. (Miocevich, 30) By 1910, an immense advancement was made, as 98% of Japanese students were given compulsory education. (Miocevich, 30) Clearly, the Japanese had made education a priority. Finally, nationalism was probably the most prominent change in the Japanese society during the Meiji Restoration. As Japan grew stronger as a nation, their citizens grew increasingly patriotic. This newfound patriotism was displayed in the actions of the soldiers, determined to risk their lives for the benefit of Japan. An excerpt by a Japanese official further reiterates this growing sense of nation pride. â€Å"To strengthen Japan by war is to show loyalty to our country†¦our guiding principle. † (Miocevich, 30). Japan’s modernization within the society had resulted in the adoption of western cultures, an increased literacy rate, and patriotism in the nation. The Meiji Restoration had made the dream of accomplishing fukoku kyohei a reality for Japan. The adoption of a western parliamentary model aided Japan in its development towards a stable rule, which in turn, created unity within the nation. With the focus of modernization, necessary changes were also made in Japan’s industry and society, such as the adoption of a new banking and education system. Moreover, Japan’s new stable economy allowed it to thrive financially and build stronger defenses. Accompanied by the growing nationalism within the Japanese, the soldiers of the military grew more tenacious, as proven by Japan’s growing victories in wars. By the end of the Meiji Restoration, Japan had proved to the other formidable nations that it had found its rightful position with the aggressors.

False Advertising

False Advertising Free Online Research Papers False advertising is defined as untrue or misleading information given to you to get you to buy something, or to come visit their store. Those who make and sell products must honestly present their products, services and prices to you. Here are common examples of false advertising. Bait and Switch: Bait and switch is a tactic sellers use to get you to buy an upgrade of the original product on sale. Here’s how it works. A store will advertise a product for a low price with no intention of selling it. When you show up they will tell you how bad the advertised item is, and how the more expensive item is much better. So the store â€Å"baits† you with a sale item to get you to go to their store. Then their salespeople â€Å"switch† the item by convincing you to get the better model that isn’t on sale. Sale Items are gone when I get there: Stores are required to have enough of an advertised item in stock to meet a reasonable customer demand. Having just a few of a popular item may indicate the store used the advertisement to get you to come to the store and never intended to honor the sales price. Report stores that are constantly out of sale items. Stores do not have to issue rain checks. Usually a store will give you a rain check to build good customer relations. However, rain checks can also be a gimmick to get you to visit their store again. Sometimes, you end up visiting the store several times before you can use your rain check. How many can I buy? Stores cannot limit how many of an advertised item you can buy unless the advertisement clearly states the limit. For example â€Å"limited one per customer† is okay as long as it is in the advertisement and not something you find out when you get to the store. Pictures: If the advertisement contains a picture, it must be a reasonable representation of the item on sale. Can I Buy Just One? The advertisement must tell you if you have to buy something in package quantities to get the discount. Otherwise you can buy the item individually. For example, a store can’t advertise a pen for $1 and then tell you the sale only applies if you buy the pen in a package of 12 for $12. The advertisement must clearly tell you how many are in the package and the total package cost. If the store advertises 3 items for $6, and the items are packaged individually, you can buy 1 for $2. You don’t need to buy 3 to get the sale price. New or Used? The advertisement must tell you if the item is refurbished or used. Best Price in Town? Just because an item is on sale does not mean you can’t find it cheaper elsewhere. Also, just because an item is advertised doesn’t mean its on sale. For the best price in town, you need to shop around. Sale Price or Regular Price? To be â€Å"on sale† the item must have had a higher former price within the last three months. If an item is always on sale then it’s false advertising. Which one is on sale? If a store carries similar models, the advertisement must clearly state which one is on sale. If they say it will do it, it should do it. If the advertisement says a product can do something, it must be able to do it. For example, if a manufacturer advertises that their product can cure cancer, then it must be able to cure cancer. The next time you’re at the grocery store, look in their vitamins section. Most dietary supplements won’t tell you what the product does unless they can find evidence to support it. Now through Saturday only $1.99: If the regular price is $1.99, then this advertisement while true is misleading and against the law. Going out of business sale: If a company says they are going out of business, liquidating, or quitting, they must intend to go out of business. Beware of signs that say, â€Å"Going Out For Business.† That’s not the same as going out of business and it’s misleading. But first you must buy†¦ If you need to buy something to get the sale price on another item, the advertisement must tell you this. Example, if you need to buy a TV for over $1000 to get the VCR for $10, they need to tell you this in the ad. Assembly required: The outside of the package must indicate if a children’s toy needs to be assembled. Made in USA: If it says â€Å"Made in USA† then no part of it can be made outside the USA. Earth friendly: If a store claims an item is biodegradable, or environmentally friendly, they must provide supporting information upon request. Research Papers on False AdvertisingInternational PaperA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantHenderson the Rain KingGene One the Transition from Private to PublicGap Analysis: Lester ElectronicsCash or Card?Emmett Till BiographyDefinition of Export QuotasAmerican Central Banking and OilProject Management 101